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Definition of Language (B. A. II Sem. IV Paper No. V - Introduction to Language)

 

K. N. Bhise Arts, Commerce and Vinayakrao Patil Science College,

Vidyanagar, Bhosare

Department of English

B. A. II Sem. IV Paper No. V (Introduction to Language)

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Human Language and Animal Communication System

Definition of Language:

Language is a system of conventional, spoken, or written symbols utilizing which human beings are used to communicate. Many definitions of language have been proposed. Following definitions are given by some renowned philosophers and linguists.

Aristotle

Speech is the representation of the experience of the mind. According to Aristotle, language is a speech sound produced by human beings to express their ideas, emotions, thoughts, desires, and feelings.

Saussure

Language is an arbitrary system of signs constituted of the signifier and signified. In other words, language is first a system based on no logic or reason, and Secondly, the system covers both objects and expressions used for objects.

Thirdly objects and expressions are arbitrarily linked. And finally, expressions include sounds and graphemes used by humans for generating speech and writing, respectively, for communication.

Sapir

According to Sapir, language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires through a system of voluntarily produced sounds.

The definition of Sapir expresses that language is mainly concerned with only human beings and constitutes a system of sounds produced by them for communication.

Bloomfield

The totality of the utterances that can be made in a speech community is the language of that speech community.

Bloomfield’s definition of language focuses on the utterances produced by all the community’s people and hence overlooks writing. Besides, he stresses form, not meaning, as the basis of language.

Bloch and Trager

According to Bloch and Trager, a language is a system of arbitrary vocal sounds through a social group that cooperates.

Their definition of language points out that language is an arbitrary system, vocal sounds, a way of communication, and collectivity.

Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky says that language is the inherent capability of native speakers to understand and form grammatical sentences. A language is a set of (finite or infinite) sentences, each finite length constructed out of a limited set of elements.

This definition of language considers sentences as the basis of a language. Sentences may be limited or unlimited and are made up of only minor components.

Derbyshire

Derbyshire says that language is undoubtedly a kind of communication among human beings. It consists primarily of vocal sounds, articulatory, systematic, symbolic, and arbitrary.

This definition of Derbyshire clearly utters, language is the best source of communication, and it also portrays how human language is formed and the fundamental principles of language.

Lyons

According to Lyons, languages are the principal communication systems used by particular groups of human beings within the specific society of which they are members.

Especially Lyons points out that language is the best communicative system of human beings by particular social groups.

Wardhaugh

A language is a system of arbitrary vocal sounds used for human communication. This definition of language by Wardhaugh mainly insists on arbitrariness, vocal sounds, humans, and communication.

Patanjali

Indian linguist Patanjali utters that language is a human expression produced by different speech organs of human beings.

Through speech organs, humans produce several expressions converted to language.

Encyclopedia Britannica

According to the definition of Encyclopedia Britannica, language is a system of conventional or written symbols through which human beings, as members of social groups and participants in their culture, communicate.

In other words, it says that language is a system of communication through which human beings express themselves.

Thus, we can say that language is a system of communication or arbitrary vocal sounds through which human beings communicate and interact with each other in their everyday lives.

There are approximately 6,500 spoken languages available in the entire world used by different social groups and cultures.

 

Source: https://englishfinders.com/definition-of-language-by-scholars/

 

 

 

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